Drupal VM is configured by default to use a Drush make file to build a Drupal site on the VM inside /var/www/drupalvm/drupal (in a folder that's synced to your local machine, so you can work with the Drupal codebase either locally or inside the VM).

You can use any make file you want, just copy it or symlink it into the root of the Drupal VM folder with the filename drupal.make.yml. You can also set a separate path to the makefile using the drush_makefile_path variable.

Leave the rest of the settings in config.yml as defaults from example.config.yml, or tweak the settings as you'd like, then run vagrant up as in the Quick Start Guide. Within a few minutes, you should have your site running and available at the drupal_domain configured in config.yml.